Tailwind CSS - Crash Course

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Tailwind CSS is a utility-first CSS framework for rapidly building custom user interfaces. It provides low-level utility classes that can be combined to create any design directly in your markup.

Recommendation:

Background Classes & Shades

Tailwind provides classes for setting background colors using a palette of over 90 shades.

<div class="bg-blue-500 text-white">Blue Background</div> <div class="bg-red-500 text-white">Red Background</div>

Use Case: Apply background colors to various components such as buttons, cards, or entire sections.

Tailwind's Numbering System

Tailwind uses a rem-based spacing scale. Assuming the base font size is 16px, here are some common conversions:

Pixels

rem

Tailwind

0px

0rem

0

4px

0.25rem

1

8px

0.5rem

2

12px

0.75rem

3

16px

1rem

4

20px

1.25rem

5

Use Case: Control padding, margin, width, height, and other spacing properties.

Sizing with w-* and h-* Classes

Use w-* and h-* classes for width and height.

<div class="w-16 h-16 bg-green-500"></div> <!-- 64px by 64px --> <div class="w-1/2 h-screen bg-blue-500"></div> <!-- 50% width and full screen height -->

Use Case: Define dimensions for various elements such as containers, images, and sections.

Padding and Margins

Set padding and margins using p-* and m-*.

<div class="p-4 bg-gray-200">Padding 1rem</div> <div class="m-4 bg-gray-400">Margin 1rem</div>

Use Case: Add spacing inside and outside elements to create a visually appealing layout.

Styling Text

Tailwind provides utility classes for text styling.

Fonts

  • .font-sans: Applies a sans-serif font.

  • .font-serif: Applies a serif font.

  • .font-mono: Applies a monospace font.

<div class="font-sans">Sans-serif font</div> <div class="font-serif">Serif font</div> <div class="font-mono">Monospace font</div>

Use Case: Apply different font styles to text elements.

Sizing

  • .text-xs: 0.75rem / 12px

  • .text-sm: 0.875rem / 14px

  • .text-base: 1rem / 16px

  • .text-lg: 1.125rem / 18px

  • .text-xl: 1.25rem / 20px

  • .text-2xl: 1.5rem / 24px

  • .text-3xl: 1.875rem / 30px

  • .text-4xl: 2.25rem / 36px

  • .text-5xl: 3rem / 48px

  • .text-6xl: 4rem / 60px

<div class="text-lg">Large Text</div> <div class="text-2xl">Extra Large Text</div>

Use Case: Control the size of text elements.

Text Align

  • .text-left: Aligns text to the left.

  • .text-center: Aligns text to the center.

  • .text-right: Aligns text to the right.

  • .text-justify: Justifies text.

<div class="text-center">Centered Text</div>

Use Case: Control the alignment of text.

Text Color

  • .text-{color}-{shade (100-900)}: Sets the text color.

<div class="text-red-500">Red Text</div>

Use Case: Change the color of text elements.

Styling

  • .italic: Makes text italic.

  • .not-italic: Makes text normal.

<div class="italic">Italic Text</div>

Use Case: Apply or remove italic styling.

Font Weight (Bold)

  • .font-hairline: 100

  • .font-thin: 200

  • .font-light: 300

  • .font-normal: 400

  • .font-medium: 500

  • .font-semibold: 600

  • .font-bold: 700

  • .font-extrabold: 800

  • .font-black: 900

<div class="font-bold">Bold Text</div>

Use Case: Control the weight of text elements.

Letter Spacing

  • .tracking-tighter: -0.05em

  • .tracking-tight: -0.025em

  • .tracking-normal: 0

  • .tracking-wide: 0.025em

  • .tracking-wider: 0.05em

  • .tracking-widest: 0.1em

<div class="tracking-wide">Wide Letter Spacing</div>

Use Case: Adjust the spacing between letters.

Line Height/Spacing

  • .leading-3: 12px

  • .leading-4: 16px

  • .leading-5: 20px

<div class="leading-5">Increased Line Height</div>

Use Case: Control the line height of text elements.

Text Decorations

  • .underline: Adds an underline.

  • .line-through: Adds a line-through.

  • .no-underline: Removes text decorations.

<div class="underline">Underlined Text</div>

Use Case: Apply or remove text decorations.

Text Transform

  • .uppercase: Transforms text to uppercase.

  • .lowercase: Transforms text to lowercase.

  • .capitalize: Capitalizes text.

  • .normal-case: Resets text to normal case.

<div class="uppercase">Uppercase Text</div>

Use Case: Change the case of text elements.

Borders

Control border properties with utility classes.

Border Width

  • .border: 1px border.

  • .border-0: No border.

  • .border-2: 2px border.

  • .border-4: 4px border.

  • .border-8: 8px border.

<div class="border-2 border-dashed border-red-500 rounded-lg p-4"> Dashed Red Border with Rounded Corners </div>

Use Case: Add borders with different widths and styles.

Border Color

  • .border-{color}-{shade (100-900)}: Sets the border color.

<div class="border-blue-500">Blue Border</div>

Use Case: Change the color of borders.

Border Style

  • .border-solid: Solid border.

  • .border-dashed: Dashed border.

  • .border-dotted: Dotted border.

  • .border-double: Double border.

  • .border-none: No border.

<div class="border-dotted border -gray-500">Dotted Border</div>

Use Case: Change the style of borders.

Border Radius

  • .rounded-none: No border radius.

  • .rounded-sm: 0.125rem / 2px border radius.

  • .rounded: 0.25rem / 4px border radius.

  • .rounded-lg: 0.5rem / 8px border radius.

  • .rounded-xl: 0.75rem / 12px border radius.

  • .rounded-full: Fully rounded corners.

<div class="rounded-full bg-red-500 w-16 h-16"></div>

Use Case: Add rounded corners to elements.

Display

Control the display mode of elements.

Modes

  • .block

    • Description: Displays an element as a block element.

    • Example:

      <div class="block">Block Element</div>

    • Use Case: Use this to make an element take up the full width available, stacking vertically.

  • .inline-block

    • Description: Displays an element as an inline-level block container.

    • Example:

      <div class="inline-block">Inline Block Element</div>

    • Use Case: Use this to allow an element to sit inline with text but still allow for width and height settings.

  • .inline

    • Description: Displays an element as an inline element.

    • Example:

      <span class="inline">Inline Element</span>

    • Use Case: Use this for elements that should flow within text content.

  • .flex

    • Description: Displays an element as a block-level flex container.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Use this to create flexible layouts that distribute space among items in a container.

  • .inline-flex

    • Description: Displays an element as an inline-level flex container.

    • Example:

      <div class="inline-flex"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Use this to combine flexbox layout capabilities with inline display behavior.

  • .table

    • Description: Displays an element as a block-level table.

    • Example:

      <div class="table"> <div class="table-row"> <div class="table-cell">Cell 1</div> <div class="table-cell">Cell 2</div> </div> </div>

    • Use Case: Use this to structure content in a table format.

  • .table-row

    • Description: Displays an element as a table row.

    • Example:

      <div class="table-row">Table Row</div>

    • Use Case: Use this within a .table container to define rows.

  • .table-cell

    • Description: Displays an element as a table cell.

    • Example:

      <div class="table-cell">Table Cell</div>

    • Use Case: Use this within a .table-row to define cells.

  • .hidden

    • Description: Hides an element.

    • Example:

      <div class="hidden">Hidden Element</div>

    • Use Case: Use this to completely hide an element from the layout.

Flexbox

Use Flexbox utilities to control the layout.

Default Direction - Horizontal Alignment

  • .justify-start

    • Description: Aligns items to the start of the container.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex justify-start"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Align items to the left.

  • .justify-center

    • Description: Centers items horizontally.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex justify-center"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Center items horizontally within the container.

  • .justify-end

    • Description: Aligns items to the end of the container.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex justify-end"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Align items to the right.

  • .justify-between

    • Description: Distributes items evenly with space between them.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex justify-between"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Place items at the edges with equal space between them.

  • .justify-around

    • Description: Distributes items evenly with space around them.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex justify-around"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Place items with equal space around them.

Default Direction - Vertical Alignment

  • .items-stretch

    • Description: Stretches items to fill the container's height.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex items-stretch"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Stretch items to fill the container's height.

  • .items-start

    • Description: Aligns items to the start of the container.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex items-start"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Align items to the top.

  • .items-center

    • Description: Centers items vertically.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex items-center"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Center items vertically within the container.

  • .items-end

    • Description: Aligns items to the end of the container.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex items-end"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Align items to the bottom.

  • .items-baseline

    • Description: Aligns items along their baselines.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex items-baseline"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Align items based on their text baselines.

Flex Direction

  • .flex-row

    • Description: Lays out items horizontally.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex flex-row"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Default direction for flex items.

  • .flex-row-reverse

    • Description: Lays out items horizontally in reverse order.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex flex-row-reverse"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Reverse the order of flex items.

  • .flex-col

    • Description: Lays out items vertically.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex flex-col"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Change the flex direction to vertical.

  • .flex-col-reverse

    • Description: Lays out items vertically in reverse order.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex flex-col-reverse"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Reverse the order of flex items vertically.

Wrapping

  • .flex-no-wrap

    • Description: Prevents items from wrapping.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex flex-no-wrap"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Keep all flex items on a single line.

  • .flex-wrap

    • Description: Allows items to wrap onto multiple lines.

    • Example:

      <div class="flex flex-wrap"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> <div>Item 3</div> </div>

    • Use Case: Allow flex items to wrap as needed.

  • **`.flex-wrap-re

verse`**
- Description: Wraps items in reverse order.
- Example:
html <div class="flex flex-wrap-reverse"> <div>Item 1</div> <div>Item 2</div> <div>Item 3</div> </div>
- Use Case: Wrap flex items in reverse order.

Responsive Design

Tailwind offers a mobile-first approach to responsive design.

<div class="text-center sm:text-left lg:text-right"> Responsive Text Alignment </div>

Use Case: Adjust styles based on the viewport size to ensure a consistent user experience across devices.

Hover and Focus Modifiers

Tailwind allows state-based styling.

<button class="bg-blue-500 hover:bg-blue-700 focus:bg-blue-900 text-white font-bold py-2 px-4 rounded"> Hover and Focus Example </button>

Use Case: Improve user interaction by changing styles on hover or focus.

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